Meza ya hukumu interrogative wakati

Kutoka makala ya awali ya blog yetu tayari kujua nini aina ya hukumu interrogative kuwepo kwa lugha ya Kiingereza, na mapendekezo jinsi hiyo ni. Aidha, wewe ni pengine tayari ukoo na wakati wote ambayo inaweza kutumika katika lugha ya Kiingereza. Kwenye tovuti yetu unaweza kupata muhtasari meza ya wakati wote. Kwa kuchanganya mada hizi mbili, utakuwa kujifunza jinsi ya urahisi kujenga aina mbalimbali za hukumu interrogative katika nyakati tofauti.

Hivyo, hebu kukumbuka kuwa katika lugha ya Kiingereza kutolewa aina 5 kuu ya maswali:

1. Maswali ya jumla general questions
2. Masuala maalum special questions
3. Maswali kwa somo questions to the subject
4. Masuala kuwatenga tag questions / disjunctive questions
5. Maswali mbadala alternative questions

Baada ya hapo, hebu kukabiliana na kila aina hii, lakini kabla ya hapo, sisi kuanzisha nukuu ambazo zitatumika katika meza:

• S — subject — somo (inaweza kuwa walionyesha na pronoun, nomino, gerund).
• V — verb — kitendo.
• V2 — verb2 — aina ya pili ya verb au kitendo kuishia — ed ikiwa ni kitendo haki.
• Ving — verb ing — kitendo na kuishia — ing
• V3 — verb3 — aina tatu ya kitendo au kitendo na kuishia — ed ikiwa ni kitendo haki.
• Wh — swali neno.

Katika kila moja ya seli ya mbao hizo na fomula ya kawaida kwa ajili ya ujenzi na mfano kwa uwazi.

Na sasa tuangalie, kwa kweli, jinsi ya kujenga kila aina ya maswali.

Hebu kuchunguza kwanza maswali ya jumla, maswali hayo ambayo yanaweza kujibiwa ama «ndiyo» au «hapana.» Kujenga maswali haya msaidizi kitendo zitafanywa katika nafasi ya kwanza. Hapa ni jinsi gani itakuwa kuangalia katika nyakati tofauti:

	Simple	Continuous	Perfect	Perfect Continuous
Present	Do (does) + S + V	To be (am/is/are) + S + Ving	Have/has + S + V3	Have/has + S + been + Ving
	Do you work here?	Are you working here?	Have you worked here?	Have you been working here?
Past	Did + S + V	To be (was/were) + S + Ving	Had + S + V3	Had + S + been + Ving
	Did you work here?	Were you working here?	Had you worked here?	Had you been working here?
Future	Will + S + V	Will + S + be + Ving	Will + S + have + V3	Will + S + have + been + Ving
	Will you work here?	Will you be working here?	Will you have worked here?	Will you have been working here?

Kumbuka kwamba uchaguzi wa vitendo msaidizi am / is / are do / does have / has inategemea mtu chini ya pendekezo hili, kwamba ni, kama somo vitendo kama kiwakilishi katika nafsi ya tatu umoja, kitendo to be kuchukua fomu is kitendo to do — does na kitendo to have — has mtiririko huo.

Baada ya kuchunguza kanuni za jumla ya masuala ya kawaida, sisi kuendelea na masuala maalum. Kwa bahati nzuri, mpango wa ujenzi wa aina hii ya swali ni karibu sawa na nyaya za masuala ya kawaida. Tofauti tu ni kwamba mwanzoni mwa pendekezo hilo ni kuweka neno swali why what where when whose which whom how au kubuni interrogative what time what kind of / what sort of how often how long how many / how much how old with whom etc Maswali hayo hayawezi kujibiwa tu «ndiyo» au «hapana.»

Hapa ni jinsi gani inaonekana:

	Simple	Continuous	Perfect	Perfect Continuous
Present	Wh + do(does) + S + V	Wh + to be (am/is/are) + S + Ving	Wh + have/has + S + V3	Wh + have/has + S + been + Ving
	Where do you work?	Where are you working?	Where have you worked?	Where have you been working?
Past	Wh + did + S + V	Wh + to be (was/were) + S + Ving	Wh + had + S + V3	Wh + had + S + been + Ving
	Where did you work?	Where were you working?	Where had you worked?	Where had you been working?
Future	Wh + will + S + V	Wh + will + S + be + Ving	Wh + will + S + have + V3	Wh + will + S + have + been + Ving
	Where will you work?	Where will you be working?	Where will you have worked?	Where will you have been working?

Sasa tuangalie jinsi mambo zinajengwa kwa somo. Katika aina hii ya maswali hayo kama utaratibu wa maneno katika pendekezo usawa wa kijinsia, na unafanyika chini ya neno swali who au what

	Simple	Continuous	Perfect	Perfect Continuous
Present	Wh + Vs	Wh + is + Ving	Wh + has + V3	Wh + has + been + Ving
	Who works here?	Who is working here?	Who has worked here?	Who has been working here?
Past	Wh + V2	Wh + was + Ving	Wh + had + V3	Wh + had + been + Ving
	Who worked here?	Who was working here?	Who had worked here?	Who had been working here?
Future	Wh + will + V	Wh + will be + Ving	Wh + will have + V3	Wh + will have + been + Ving
	Who will work here?	Who will be working here?	Who will have worked here?	Who will have been working here?

Hebu kuchunguza masuala yafuatayo kugawa. Katika mambo haya, pia, kubakia ili moja kwa moja ya maneno, lakini mwisho wao kuweka kinachojulikana mkia, ambayo inaweza kutafsiriwa katika Urusi na maneno yafuatayo: si hivyo? si hivyo? sawa? huh? nk Kumbuka kwamba kama sehemu ya kwanza ya swali hili ni ndiyo, basi wetu «mkia» ni hasi, na kinyume chake. Meza ya chini inaonyesha mchoro wa ujenzi wa suala kujitenga, wakati sehemu ya kwanza ya usawa wa kijinsia:

	Simple	Continuous	Perfect	Perfect Continuous
Present	S + V, do/does/is/are + not + S	S + to be (am/is/are) + Ving, are/is + not + S	S + have/has + V3, have/has + not + S	S + have/has + been + Ving, have/has + not + S
	You work here, don’t you?	You are working here, aren’t you?	You have worked here, haven’t you?	You have been working here, haven’t you?
Past	S + V2, did/was/were + not + S	S + to be (was/were) + Ving, was/were + not + S	S + had + V3, had+not+S	S + had + been + Ving, had + not + S
	You worked here, didn’t you?	You were working here, weren’t you?	You had worked here, hadn’t you?	You had been working here, hadn’t you?
Future	S + will + V, will + not + S	S + will be + Ving, will + not + S	S + will have + V3, will + not + S	S + will have been + Ving, will + not + S
	You will work here, won’t you?	You will be working here, won’t you?	You will have worked here, won’t you?	You will have been working here, won’t you?

Hatimaye, aina ya tano ya swali katika Kiingereza, mbadala ni chaguo kati ya vitu, matendo, watu nk Katika aina hii ya maswali muungano sasa au or Kama swali kama bila neno swali, ni kujengwa juu ya kanuni ya tatizo la ujumla na kuongeza ya mbadala, chaguo la pili. Kama neno swali ni sasa, mzunguko wa ujenzi wa suala hili ni ama kwa swali maalum, au kwa suala kwa somo. Tofauti muundo wa swali lake kama ana si, hivyo sisi si kusababisha meza tofauti. Kwa habari zaidi kuhusu aina hii ya maswali unaweza kusoma katika makala «swali mbadala katika lugha ya Kiingereza.»

Kumbuka kwamba makala hii ni mpango wa jumla wa ujenzi maswali kwa Kiingereza wakati wote amana halisi. Kila aina ina sifa yake mwenyewe, ambayo ni mwanga katika makala husika ya tovuti yetu. Hata hivyo, mpango juu inaweza kutumika kama msingi kwa ajili ya ujenzi wa hukumu interrogative. Licha walivyo katika mtazamo wa kwanza, utata wa kanuni imetolewa katika meza, wao ni rahisi sana na rahisi kutumia.

Kama wewe ni katika mchakato wa kujifunza lugha kama kila kitu ili na kugawanywa katika makundi, fomu hiyo ya kuwasilisha inaweza kuwa na manufaa kwako.

 

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Grammar