Kunywa would rather (would sooner) na prefer

Maarifa ya sheria ya msingi ya sarufi katika lugha ya Kiingereza ni si kuhakikisha kwamba kuguswa kwa usahihi na ufanisi katika hali yoyote. Katika wingi huu wa kila aina ya miundo ya lugha ya kigeni na maneno kwamba tu haja ya kujifunza, kama tu kwa sababu wao ni hivyo sana kutumika katika hotuba, wote imeandikwa na mdomo. Basi utakuwa urahisi kuelewa nini (hasa) interlocutor alitaka kusema juu ya kile alichotaka kusisitiza kile kivuli alitaka kutoa maneno yake. Aidha, unaweza kwa urahisi kujibu kwa namna moja, na tu kutoa maoni yao, kulingana na hivyo maarufu hotuba mwelekeo katika lugha ya Kiingereza.

Hebu majadiliano juu ya maneno maarufu prefer na would rather would sooner Pamoja na ukweli kwamba kwa mujibu wa ujenzi haya yanahusiana na mada hiyo hiyo — Nataka kupendelea — ambapo kuna tofauti katika kivuli kama wao kutoa hotuba na kutumia, ambayo ina nuances kisarufi. Bora kuwakilisha masuala haya muhimu, hatutakuwa koroga maneno hayo, na kuangalia yao mmoja mmoja, na hivyo kutengeneza wazo ya wazi ya jinsi gani, wapi na wakati wa kutumia would rather would sooner na prefer

Kunywa prefer

Tunaanza mara moja na kitendo «kupendelea» — prefer Kitendo hiki tunatumia nauni na chembe to prefer to do something au gerund prefer doing something Wote miundo hizi ni sawa kabisa. Wao kueleza matakwa ya mtu kwa ujumla, yaani, kuamua nini mtu kama siku zote, na si katika hali yoyote ile. Hii ni muhimu kwa kufahamu maana yake ni ujumla na si ya asili binafsi.

I prefer to live in the country. – I prefer to live in the country. – Napendelea kuishi nje ya mji.

I prefer phoning people to writing letter. – I prefer phoning people to writing letter. – Mimi kama kuwaita watu kuandika hizo nyaraka.

I prefer to stay late at night. – I prefer to stay late at night. – Napendelea kwenda kulala usiku sana.

She prefers giving gifts more than receiving them. – She prefers giving gifts more than receiving them. – Yeye anapenda kutoa zawadi kuliko kupokea yao.

Kwa wazi kumbuka sahihi kubuni muundo na kitendo prefer unahitaji kujifunza mapendekezo machache ambayo ni algorithm kwa matumizi yake. Kuna mifano mitatu:

1. I prefer something to something else — Napendelea kitu kitu
2. I prefer doing something to doing something else — Napendelea kufanya hivyo badala ya hii
3. I prefer to do something rather than (do) something — Chaguo 2 cm.

Mifano:

I prefer meat to fish. — I prefer meat to fish. — Mimi kama nyama, samaki si.

I prefer going to the theatre to watching plays on television. — michezo kwenye televisheni. I prefer going to the theatre to watching plays on television. — I prefer going to the theatre to watching plays on television. — Napendelea kwenda ukumbi wa michezo, badala ya kuangalia maonyesho kwenye TV.

I prefer to live in the country rather than (live) in the city. — ya (kuishi) katika mji huo. I prefer to live in the country rather than (live) in the city. — I prefer to live in the country rather than (live) in the city. — Mimi kama kuishi vijijini kuliko mjini.

Tofauti na matumizi ya kitendo prefer matumizi ya kujieleza would prefer akubali hakuna haki za upendeleo kwa ujumla, na kujipatia mahitaji yake na mahitaji katika hali fulani. Kwa maneno mengine, mtu anataka kitu (kufanya kitu) hivi sasa, hata kama kwa maana ya zaidi ya jumla katika maisha yake, yeye hana kuwapa upendeleo. Pia kutofautisha sampuli mbili, kulingana na ambayo unaweza kuwa wote unahitaji mapendekezo yafuatayo:

1. Would you prefer…? – Would you prefer…? – Unataka nini? Ambayo kufanya unapendelea? (katika hali fulani).

Would you prefer tea or coffee? Coffee, please. — Would you prefer tea or coffee? Coffee, please. — Wewe utakuwa na chai au kahawa? Kahawa, tafadhali.

1. I would prefer to do something rather than do something else. ( kufanya kitu kingine chochote. I would prefer to do something rather than do something else. ( I would prefer to do something rather than do something else. ( wanapendelea kitu kimoja na si kitu kingine).
   

   I’d prefer to read a book. – I’d prefer to read a book. – Napenda kusoma kitabu.

   I’d prefer to eat at home rather than go out. – ya kwenda nje. I’d prefer to eat at home rather than go out. – I’d prefer to eat at home rather than go out. – Napenda wanapendelea kula nyumbani badala ya kwenda mahali fulani.

Kumbuka kwamba kitendo msaidizi would katika ujenzi hizi ni karibu kila mara kutumika katika fomu abbreviated — I would = I’d …

Kunywa would rather would sooner

Pili ni usemi muhimu sana — would rather — ni mfano wa awali I would prefer Maana ya miundo haya matatu would rather would sooner would prefer sawa, lakini kuna ni ndogo sana, lakini nguvu ya kutosha kisarufi nuance katika kubuni. Baada would prefer tunatumia nauni na chembe to to do na kisha wengine wawili — hakuna chembe to do Ipasavyo, sampuli kwa ajili ya matumizi na kumbukumbu would rather utaangalia kama hii: I’d rather do something than do something else

Shall we go by train? Well, Shall we go by train? Well, I’d prefer to go by car. I’d rather go by car. – by car. – Hebu kwenda kwa treni? Naam, napenda kwenda kwa gari.

I’d rather walk in the park than go to the cinema. – kwenda sinema. I’d rather walk in the park than go to the cinema. – I’d rather walk in the park than go to the cinema. – Nisingependa kutembea katika Hifadhi ya kwenda sinema.

I’d rather wait for a few minutes. – I’d rather wait for a few minutes. – Ningependa kusubiri dakika chache.

He said he would sooner stay at home. – He said he would sooner stay at home. – Alisema kuwa angeweza wanapendelea kukaa nyumbani.

Na utawala mwingine kuhusu matumizi ya would rather would sooner wakati tunataka mtu mwingine amefanya kitu, au anajaribu kusema kwamba mtu mwingine ni vyema kufanya jambo fulani, sisi rejea mpango huu — would rather someone did something Kulipa kipaumbele maalum kwamba kitendo katika kesi hii itakuwa katika mfumo wa rahisi wakati uliopita, lakini itakuwa sasa au ya baadaye vitendo.

I’d rather you cooked the dinner now. – I’d rather you cooked the dinner now. – Ningependa kuwa tayari kwa ajili ya chakula cha mchana leo.

I’d rather you told her. – I’d rather you told her. – Nisingependa wewe aliiambia yake.

My mother would rather we caught the bus, rather than walk home after the party. – badala ya kutembea nyumbani baada ya chama. My mother would rather we caught the bus, rather than walk home after the party. – My mother would rather we caught the bus, rather than walk home after the party. – Mama ingependelea kwamba sisi kupata nyumbani baada ya chama kwenye basi, si kwa miguu.

 

  1925

Grammar