Inversion katika Kiingereza

Kwanza, hebu kukumbuka nini inawakilisha jambo hili: inverse — ukiukaji wa utaratibu wa kawaida wa maneno katika sentensi. Tunajua kwamba English ni lugha na fasta ili neno (prediketo daima ifuatavyo somo), lakini kusisitiza neno fulani au maneno, au mwingine kutoa sauti zaidi ya hisia ya pendekezo hilo, tunaweza kubadili utaratibu wa kawaida wa maneno. Pia, sisi wanakabiliwa na inversion, kubadilisha utaratibu wa maneno katika ujenzi wa swali. Bila shaka, kama katika sehemu nyingine yoyote ya Kiingereza sarufi, kutakuwa na sheria na isipokuwa, hebu jaribu kukabiliana na changamoto hizo.

1. Maswali.

   Kama ilivyoelezwa hapo juu, masuala sisi kubadili mpangilio wa maneno, hali hii inaitwa inversion.

   Have you done your homework?

   Where is her house?

   Ni lazima pia ikumbukwe kwamba katika masuala ya neno moja kwa moja ili ni si kukiukwa, yaani hakuna inversion.

   I would like to know what time the train arrives. ( treni fika. I would like to know what time the train arrives. ( I would like to know what time the train arrives. ( NOT … what time does the train arrive)

   Wakati mwingine hata hivyo kuruhusiwa matumizi ya inversion katika maswali ya moja kwa moja baada ya hotuba how kama somo ni walionyesha katika maneno machache. Ya kawaida ni matumizi ya inversion inaweza kupatikana katika neno lililoandikwa.

   I would like to know how important was the question I had been asked.

2. Neno may

   Matakwa may unaweza kusimama mbele ya somo.

   May all your dreams come true.

3. Masharti ya vifungu.

   Rasmi na fasihi zaidi mtindo inaruhusu matumizi ya inversion katika masharti ya vifungu chini. Kitendo msaidizi inaweza kuchukua nafasi kabla ya somo, if katika kesi hiyo itakuwa kuachwa.

   Were she my sister … (= if she were my sister…)

   Had I known your intentions … (= if I had known your intentions)

   Lakini unapaswa kuwa makini kwa kutumia Inverse ya mapendekezo hayo, kama wakati wa kutumia mbinu hii katika kukataa haruhusiwi kupunguza fomu hasi ya kitendo.

   Had we not lost all our money … ( NOT Hadn’t we lost …)

4. Baada ya as than

   Katika mtindo zaidi fasihi ya inversion wakati mwingine hutumika katika mapendekezo kulinganisha na vyama vya hapo juu.

   He was very active, as were most boys of his age.

   Country people live longer than do city dwellers.

   Lakini ni lazima pia kukumbuka kwamba inversion haina yanahusu baada ya as na than kama katika hukumu kama vile somo pronoun anasimama.

   You look much better than you did last time.

5. Baada ya maneno kwamba ni pamoja na kielezi mahali.

   Kama pendekezo yetu huanza na maneno, vitendo intransitive (kueleza hatua ambazo si kwenda moja kwa kitu au mtu), kama sheria, kuchukua nafasi kabla ya somo. Inversion katika fomu hii ni jambo la kawaida zaidi kwa maandishi, hasa katika maelezo mbalimbali.

   On the tree sat an unusual bird.

   Directly in front of them stood a beautiful castle.

   Along the road came a strange man.

   Katika hotuba yake kwa muundo wa kisarufi pia mara nyingi hutumika kwa maneno here there na kwa vielezi prepositional up out back down off etc

   Here comes Meg!

   The door opened and out came Jack.

   Lakini kama jukumu la tamko inaonekana kuwa katika moja kwa moja ili neno.

   Here he comes.

   Off we go!

6. Maneno ya mwandishi katika hotuba ya moja kwa moja.

   Mara nyingi mtu anaweza kuchunguza matumizi ya inversion katika hadithi tofauti wakati vitenzi kama said asked suggested nk kwenda baada ya maneno ya mwandishi.

   Where is my car? asked John. ( asked John. ( OR … John asked)

   Lakini kama jukumu la tamko inaonekana kuwa katika moja kwa moja ili neno.

   What do you want? she asked.

7. Hasi vielezi.

   Ikumbukwe kwamba wakati matumizi ya inversion juu katika baadhi ya mifano ni hiari, katika kesi ya kundi hili la vielezi, hakuna mageuzo inaweza kuwa kosa kubwa, ndivyo makini hasa kwa hatua hii. Kuweka hii katika mwanzo wa hukumu kielezi, daima kuwa na ufahamu wa ukiukaji wa utaratibu wa maneno na sarufi ya nyakati ya kutumika.

   • Vielezi kwa chembe not
     

     Not until I see it with my own eyes will I believe him.

     Not since I met him was I so happy.

   • Baada ya makundi ya vielezi ya muda na neno only
     

     Only after the phone call did she calm down

     Only later did I realize how important it had been.

     Only then did I remember that I had forgotten to feed my cat.

     Only when I have called him will I be able to think about anything else.

     Only in the last few weeks has he started to feel better.

     Kumbuka kwamba baada ya misemo not until only when na only after inversion ni kutumika katika sehemu kubwa ya adhabu, si chini.

   • Baada ya vielezi kuonyesha mzunguko hatua hardly / barely / scarcely never before rarely seldom no sooner … than
     

     Never have I seen such a beautiful child.

     Hardly ever does she come in time.

     Rarely do they fail to impress their neighbours.

   • Kwa maneno kama at no time in no way on no account under / in no circumstances
     

     At no time did she complain about the situation.

     Under no circumstances are parents allowed to leave their children alone.

   • Neno little kuwa na thamani hasi.
     

     Little do they know how lucky they are to have such a good friend. (= they don’t know) do they know how lucky they are to have such a good friend. (= they don’t know)

     Little did I realize that he would leave me one day. (= I didn’t realize) did I realize that he would leave me one day. (= I didn’t realize)

   • Unaweza pia kutumia mpango So + kivumishi katika mwanzo wa hukumu, ili kusisitiza kivumishi.

     Kulinganisha:

     So successful was her song, that Ann very soon became a famous singer.

     Her song was so successful that Ann very soon became a famous singer.

     So dangerous did the weather become, that all the flights were canceled.

     The weather became so dangerous that all the flights were cancelled.

Inversion anatoa hotuba yetu tone rasmi zaidi, ambayo ni kwa nini wakati wa kuandika insha mbalimbali, kifaa hiki Stylistic mara moja kuvutia na itakuwa kukubaliwa na ukaguzi. Lakini kama mtu mwingine yeyote kisarufi ujenzi, hawatumii inversion haueleweki kama ni lazima katika jambo hili tata. Hiyo ni kwa nini mimi matumaini kwamba makala hii kuamsha kuwa na tamaa ya zaidi kuchunguza suala hili la sarufi, na sisi kuwa na furaha kusaidia!

 

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Grammar